| 1. | International relations between the European countries before the First World War
Britain【英國】
| Enemy |
_______________ Germany【德國】 |
| Reason |
_______________ Germany【德國】 threatened【威脅】 Britain’s _______________ trade and naval supremacy【貿易和海軍霸權】 |
| Aim |
look for _______________ allies【盟國】 |
France【法國】
| Enemy |
_______________ German/Prussia【普魯士】 |
| Reason |
_______________ Germany【德國】 France was defeated【被打敗】 by _______________ Prussia【普魯士】 in the Franco-Prussian war【法國 - 普魯士戰爭】 so French was very angry. |
| Aim |
to take _______________ revenge【復仇】 on Germany |
Germany【德國】
| Enemy |
Germany vs Britain and France |
| Reason |
France was defeated【被打敗】 in the Franco-Prussian war【法國 - 普魯士戰爭】 and determined【決心】 to take revenge【復仇】 on Germany.
Britain disliked Germany because of Germany’s _______________ rapid industrial development【快速的工業發展】. |
| Aim |
look for _______________ allies【盟國】 |
Italy【意大利】
| Enemy |
_______________ France【法國】 |
| Reason |
France【法國】 and Italy【意大利】 competed for _______________ colonies【殖民地 】 in North Africa. |
| Aim |
look for _______________ allies【盟國】 |
Russia【俄羅斯】
| Enemy |
_______________ Austria【奧地利】 – _______________ Hungary【匈牙利】 |
| Reason |
- Russia wanted to find a ice-free port and trade in _______________ Mediterranean Sea.
- Russia encouraged the _______________ Slaves in the Balkan Peninsula【巴爾幹半島】to get independence【獨立】 from Austria-Hungary.
- Russia was the big brother of Slaves
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| Aim |
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Austria【奧地利】 – Hungary【匈牙利】 (Austro-hungarian Empire)
| Enemy |
_______________ Russia【俄羅斯】 |
| Reason |
Austria was worried that _______________ Russia【俄羅斯】 would encourage【鼓勵】 the Slavs【斯拉夫人】 in Balkan Peninsula【巴爾幹半島】 to get _______________ independence【獨立】 from her. |
| Aim |
_______________ look for allies【尋找盟友】 |
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| 2. | Causes Of The First World War
Background Causes【背景原因】
- Economic and colonial conflicts【經濟和殖民衝突】
- imposed _______________ high tariffs【高關稅】 on foreign goods to _______________ protect【保護】 local industries
- wanted to get more _______________ raw materials and a larger overseas _______________ market
- compete for _______________ colonies【殖民地 】 in the same place
- e.g. 1st and 2nd _______________ Moroccan Crisis【摩洛哥危機】
- Extreme nationalism【極端民族主義】 demand people to be absolutely _______________ loyal to the nation and support its _______________ foreign expansion【國外擴張】
- revengeful feelings of the French
- wanted to _______________ defeat【擊敗】 Germany and take back Alsace and Lorraine
- Pan-Germanism
- Germany should _______________ expand【擴大】 in Europe
- Pan-Slavism
- Slav people in Europe should be united under _______________ Russian【俄國的】 control【控制】.
- armaments race【軍備競賽】
- Armaments race means the powers compete【競爭】 to produce large number of weapons【武器】 and superior military technology【優越的軍事技術】 in order to expand【擴大】 their territories【領土】.
- Britain and Germany competed in building _______________ dreadnoughts【無畏艦】 in order to control the sea if a war occurred.
- increased the _______________ fear【恐懼】 and _______________ suspicion【懷疑】 among countries.
- alliance system【聯盟制度】
- Triple Alliance【三國同盟】
- formed in 1882
- _______________ Germany【德國】, _______________ Austria-Hungary【奧地利匈牙利】 and _______________ Italy【意大利】
- Triple Entente【三重協約】
- formed in 1907
- _______________ Britain【英國】, _______________ Russia【俄羅斯】 and _______________ France【法國】
- laid down【奠定】 the foundation【基礎】 for the outbreak of WWI
Immediate Causes【直接原因】
- _______________ Sarajevo Incident【薩拉熱窩事件】 – like a match sparks off WWI
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| 3. | |
| 4. | Events leading to the WWI
Crises in North Africa
- First Moroccan Crisis【摩洛哥危機】 (year _______________ 1905)
- Germany was defeated by France
- Second Moroccan Crisis (year _______________ 1911)
- With the support of Britain, France defeated Germany again
Crises in Balkans
Background of Balkans
- a group of small states
- many different _______________ races【種族】 and religions【宗教】
- ruled by _______________ Turkey【土耳其 】
One crisis and two local wars
- Bosnian Crisis【波斯尼亞危機】(year _______________ 1908)
- both Austria and Russia-Serbia wanted to annex【吞併】 _______________ Bosnia【波斯尼亞】 and Herzegovina【黑塞哥維那】
- Balkan Wars【巴爾幹半島戰爭】 (years _______________ 1912 and _______________ 1913)
- Serbia became very powerful after the two wars happened in the Balkans in 1912 and 1913
- _______________ Austria【奧地利】 had to crush【掃平 】 Serbia in order to expand【擴大】 its power in the Balkans.
Sarajevo Incident【薩拉熱窩事件】
- On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand【斐迪南大公】, the Austrian King, and his wife was _______________ shot dead【射殺】 by a Serb【塞族人】 during their visit of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
- Set off【掀起】 the _______________ First World War
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