F3 The First World War

International relations between the European countries before the First World War

Britain【英國】

France【法國】

Germany【德國】

Italy【意大利】

Russia【俄羅斯】

Austria【奧地利】 – Hungary【匈牙利】 (Austro-hungarian Empire)

Causes Of The First World War

Background Causes【背景原因】

• Economic and colonial conflicts【經濟和殖民衝突】
  • imposed _______________ high tariffs【高關稅】 on foreign goods to _______________ protect【保護】 local industries
  • wanted to get more _______________ raw materials and a larger overseas _______________ market
  • compete for _______________ colonies【殖民地 】 in the same place
  • e.g. 1st and 2nd _______________ Moroccan Crisis【摩洛哥危機】
• Extreme nationalism【極端民族主義】 demand people to be absolutely _______________ loyal to the nation and support its _______________ foreign expansion【國外擴張】
  • revengeful feelings of the French
    • wanted to _______________ defeat【擊敗】 Germany and take back Alsace and Lorraine
  • Pan-Germanism
    • Germany should _______________ expand【擴大】 in Europe
  • Pan-Slavism
    • Slav people in Europe should be united under _______________ Russian【俄國的】 control【控制】.
  • armaments race【軍備競賽】
    • Armaments race means the powers compete【競爭】 to produce large number of weapons【武器】 and superior military technology【優越的軍事技術】 in order to expand【擴大】 their territories【領土】.
    • Britain and Germany competed in building _______________ dreadnoughts【無畏艦】 in order to control the sea if a war occurred.
    • increased the _______________ fear【恐懼】 and _______________ suspicion【懷疑】 among countries.
  • alliance system【聯盟制度】
    • Triple Alliance【三國同盟】
      • formed in 1882
      • _______________ Germany【德國】, _______________ Austria-Hungary【奧地利匈牙利】 and _______________ Italy【意大利】
    • Triple Entente【三重協約】
      • formed in 1907
      • _______________ Britain【英國】, _______________ Russia【俄羅斯】 and _______________ France【法國】
    • laid down【奠定】 the foundation【基礎】 for the outbreak of WWI

Immediate Causes【直接原因】

• _______________ Sarajevo Incident【薩拉熱窩事件】 – like a match sparks off WWI

Events leading to the WWI

Crises in North Africa

• First Moroccan Crisis【摩洛哥危機】 (year _______________ 1905)
  • Germany was defeated by France
• Second Moroccan Crisis (year _______________ 1911)
  • With the support of Britain, France defeated Germany again

Crises in Balkans

Background of Balkans

• a group of small states
• many different _______________ races【種族】 and religions【宗教】
• ruled by _______________ Turkey【土耳其 】

One crisis and two local wars

• Bosnian Crisis【波斯尼亞危機】(year _______________ 1908)
  • both Austria and Russia-Serbia wanted to annex【吞併】 _______________ Bosnia【波斯尼亞】 and Herzegovina【黑塞哥維那】
• Balkan Wars【巴爾幹半島戰爭】 (years _______________ 1912 and _______________ 1913)
  • Serbia became very powerful after the two wars happened in the Balkans in 1912 and 1913
  • _______________ Austria【奧地利】 had to crush【掃平 】 Serbia in order to expand【擴大】 its power in the Balkans.

• On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand【斐迪南大公】, the Austrian King, and his wife was _______________ shot dead【射殺】 by a Serb【塞族人】 during their visit of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
• Set off【掀起】 the _______________ First World War